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Background: Platelet aphaeresis is an essential procedure, which meets the demand of single donor platelets (SDP) effectively. The procedure is well tolerated by donors with fewer side effects. Adverse events in Platelet aphaeresis have been reported from as low as 0.32 to 6.81%. Aims and Objectives: The aim of present study is to ascertain adverse events observed in a large cohort of platelet aphaeresis procedures and determining management strategies to resolve them. Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective cross-sectional study, from January 2012 to May 2019 in Blood Bank, Department of Pathology, in a tertiary care centre in Central India. Donors for Platelet aphaeresis were selected based on the standard criteria of National Aids Control Organization (NACO) guidelines 2017 and Platelet aphaeresis protocol. Leukoreduced SDP were collected by Haemonetics® MCS +, having Leukoreduction bag system. Adverse events encountered were noted and categorized. Results: A total number of 1600 Plateletpheresis procedures were conducted to prepare SDP and transfused to 1054 patients. A total of 24 out of 1600 plateletaphaeresis procedures reported adverse events (1.5%). Donor related adverse events were 16 (66.6%), Kit related 4 (16.66%) procedure related were 4 (16.66%). Three out of 24 procedures were terminated prematurely, 1 due to severe hypocalcaemia (ACD effect) in donor and 2 due to bowl leakage. Conclusion: Platelet aphaeresis is a safe procedure for donors if done expertly while exercising caution. Adverse events reported are minimal and manageable.
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Background: Viral hepatitis is a global health problem with 170 million Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) carriers worldwide, and 12-13 million HCV carriers in India. Unscreened blood and components play a significant role in transmission of HCV apart from reuse of injection needles, unsterilized surgical equipments and vertical transmission from mother to child. Unsafe blood transfusion not only poses risk to patients, causing significant morbidity and mortality, but also adds to the economical burden on healthcare system. Aims and Objectives: Aim of this study is to estimate the seroprevalence of HCV infection among the voluntary and relative donors over a period of 7 years at blood banks of Madhya Pradesh with collaboration of Madhya Pradesh State AIDS control Society (MPSACS) Bhopal, India from 2011 to 2017. Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective study of blood donation at blood banks, of Madhya Pradesh, India. Blood units were screened for TTIs from January 2011 To December 2017. HIV, HCV and HBV tests were done by ELISA. Data of HCV was collected and compared statistically by frequency distribution and percentage proportion. Chi Square (? 2) test was used to determine the significant difference statistically. Results: The mean age of donors was 32.4 2 ± 8.63 years. Major contribution was from male donors (93.8%). Majority of donation was done voluntarily (87.3 %). Out of the total 1,876,219 donors tested for TTIs over 7 years, 1980 (0.11%) were positive to anti HCV (p=.000001). Conclusion: The prevalence of HCV infection was 0.11% among blood donors of Madhya Pradesh, with geographic variation among districts. Aiming to provide safe blood to the patients, prevention of transmission of HCV by proper donor counseling and screening of the unit is required.
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Introduction: A Transfusion transmitted infection (TTI) is a virus, parasite, or other potential pathogen that can be transmitted in donated blood through a transfusion to a recipient. This transmission is one of the most dreaded complications of blood transfusion. Aims and Objectives: The present study is aimed at evaluating the prevalence of TTIs among the blood donors in Madhya Pradesh, a central state of India Materials and Methods: The present five years (1st January 2012 to 31st December 2016) study is a retrospective analysis of one million three hundred thirty-six thousand one hundred fifty-six (1,336,156) blood donor’s record at Madhya Pradesh Aids Control Society (MPSACS) Bhopal; donors donated their blood at National Aids Control Organization (NACO) supported blood banks, Madhya Pradesh, India. With the permission of MPSACS, donor’s data was collected, retrieved, tabulated, summarized and compared statistically by frequency distribution and percentage proportion. Chi-square (X2) test was applied to evaluate the significant (p-value) ratio of difference statistically. Results: In the present study, 91.1% were voluntary blood donors and rested 8.9% replacement blood, donors. Male to female ratio of blood donors were male 94% and female 6%. TTIs prevalence in the study was 1.75 % (p<0.001) while individual infections prevalence was; HbsAg 1.16, Syphilis 0.37%, HCV 0.09%, HIV 0.08%, and Malaria 0.04%. Conclusion: Low prevalence of TTIs was reported in the present study, so hereby we have concluded that a healthy transfusion service is must for the health care system of the state/country. 100% Voluntary blood donation by Regular, voluntary, non-remunerated blood donors from low-risk populations and Careful TTIs testing, preferable NAT to reduce the window period are the key factors to ensure the safe blood to the needy.
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Background: Umbilical cord blood is whole human blood (60 to 80 ml) that remains in the placenta and umbilical cord after childbirth; generally considered as a medical waste. It is a rich source of stem cells, growth factor, cytokines, etc., and, can be collected, stored and utilized in the treatment of incurable diseases. Aims and Objects: The aim of the present study is to establish the fact that placental umbilical cord whole blood is a safe alternative to adult blood and to assess its utility in degenerative and autoimmune disease along with its hematological parameters. Materials and Methods: It is a prospective two year study (From September 2016 to August 2018) of 250 umbilical cord whole blood transfusions in autoimmune and degenerative disorders at Gajra Raja Medical College, Gwalior, India. Follow up of patients was done up to 3 months and data was collected and analyzed statistically by frequency distribution and percentage proportion. Results: A total of 250 units meeting the inclusion and exclusion criteria were transfused to 99 preregistered patients; Vitiligo 61 (159 transfusions), Thalassemia 15 (30), Retinitis Pigmentosa 9 (23), Geriatric Disorders 9 (24), Aplastic anemia 4 (9) and High Myopia 1 (5). Out of 250 transfusions, in one case (0.4%) adverse event was reported. Outcome of transfusion reveals; In Vitiligo –regimentation in affected area, Thalassemia-reduction in frequency of transfusions, Retinitis Pigmentosa- improvement in vision area, Geriatric patients- sense of well being, Aplastic anemia- prolonged survival and High Myopia-improvement in vision area. Conclusion: Umbilical cord blood is safe and genuine alternative of adult blood. It is effective in degenerative and autoimmune diseases. It should not be discarded as medical waste and utilized judiciously in the human well being.
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Background: Febrile nonhemolytic transfusion reactions (FNHTRs) are common complications associated with allogenic transfusion and it is caused by the leucocytes and cytokines released by leucocytes during storage of blood/ blood components. These reactions are generally not life threatening, but they are expensive in their management, evaluation, and associated blood-product wastage. 1st log prestorage universal leukoreduction (ULR) i.e. removal of Buffy coat is a useful and effective procedure in developing countries to control FNHTRs significantly. Aims and Objects: To know the efficacy of pre-storage 1st log universal leuckoreduction in controlling febrile nonhemolytic transfusion reactions (FNHTRs). Place and Duration of Study: Study was carried out at Blood Bank, Department of Pathology, G. R. Medical College, Gwalior from January 2009 to December 2013 (5years). Materials and Methods: Study was divided into control group (Year: 2009) and study group (Years: 2010-13). 14,292 recipients in control group and 45,064 in study group were transfused with non-leukoreduced and prestorage 1st log leukoreduced blood/ blood components respectively. Usefulness of prestorage 1st log ULR over non-leukoreduced blood/ blood components was observed, compared and discussed. Result: In the control group 610 (4.26%) out of 14,292 (p=0.0003) and in study group 381(0.84%) out of 45,064 (p=0.0003) recipients were reported to have FNHTRs. The comparative study showed significant reduction in FNHTRs from 4.26% to 0.84% (↓ 3.42%) (p=0.000001). Conclusion: 1st log Universal Leukoreduction (ULR) is a better option over Selective Leukoreduction (SLR) to prevent FNHTRs and it also helps the transfusion services of under-resourced developing countries in many ways.
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Introduction: Transfusion Transmitted Infections (TTIs) are a major problem associated with blood transfusion. Accurate estimates of risk of TTIs are essential for monitoring the safety of blood supply and evaluating the efficacy of currently employed screening procedures. Aims: To determine the prevalence of transfusion transmitted infections among blood donors in greater Gwalior region and its surrounding areas i.e. central India and its comparison with other relevant studies. Place and Duration of Study: Study was carried out at Blood Bank, Department of Pathology, Gajra Raja Medical College, Gwalior, India from January 2009 to December 2013 (5 year study). Methodology: Total 67,123 blood units collected from blood donors were tested for transfusion transmitted infections (TTIs) i.e. HIV I & II, HBV, HCV,VDRL and Malaria parasite at Blood Bank as per guidelines of World Health Organization (WHO) for Asia Pacific region and Food and Drug Administration, Government of India. Results: Out of 67,123 blood units studied, voluntary units were 61309(91.3%) and replacement units were 5823 (8.7%). In the present study total TTIs positive units were 2747 (4.09%) (p=0.000005). Amongst them HBV were 2360 (3.51%) (p=0.000005), HIV positive units were 91(0.13%), HCV were 161 (0.24%), VDRL were 114 (0.17%) and Malaria 21 (0.03%). Conclusion: Our study concluded that amongst all the TTIs in the blood donors in Gwalior and its surrounding area, seroprevalence of HBV was significantly higher than other infections. It is also higher than similar studies conducted in other parts of India.
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Introduction: Rhesus (Rh) antigen was discovered in 1940 by Karl Landsteiner and Wiener. In later years, because of its immunogenecity along with ABO grouping, RhD antigen testing was made mandatory before issuing a compatible blood. Presently there are five major antigens i.e. D, C, E, c and e in Rh blood group system. Aims: To know the distribution of major Rh antigens, its phenotype and most probable genotype in the population of Gwalior region i.e. Central India. Place and Duration of Study: This study was carried out at Blood Bank, Department of Pathology, Gajra Raja Medical College, Gwalior, India from 1st October 2008 to 30th September 2010. Methodology: The distribution of Rh antigens, its phenotype and most probable genotype was studied in 1000 samples collected from blood donors, blood recipients and other patients. Samples were tested for ABO blood group and five major antigens of Rh system by tube agglutination method /or by gel technology. Results: Out of 1000 samples studied, the incidence of RhD was 91.6% and only 8.4% samples were negative for D antigen (p=.000005). The Incidence of other Rh antigens i.e. C, E, c and e was 84%, 25.6%, 58.3% & 78.5% respectively (p=.000005) Most common phenotype in RhD positive samples were DCCee (41%) and in RhD negative it was dccee (5.6%) (p= .000005). Eleven samples (1.1%) were negative for antithetical antigens E & e. Most probable genotype in order of frequency was DCe/DCe (R1R1)-41%, DCe/Dce (R1R0)-25.5% & dce/dce (rr)-5.6% (p= .000005). Conclusion: Like previous studies, our study also concluded that there is a wide range of racial and geographical variation in the distribution of Rh phenotype and genotype. The Rh blood group system has vital role in population genetic study, in resolving medico legal issues and more importantly in transfusion practice.